Fig 1: Effects of SABP on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in AFs. (A) Representative of NOX1 expression in AFs examined by Western blot. (B) The effect of SABP on NOX1 expression was evaluated and SABP inhibited NOX1 expression was observed. (C) Representative of Rac1(mitochondrial damage marker protein) expression in AFs examined by Western blot. (D) The effect of SABP on Rac1 expression was evaluated and SABP inhibited Rac1 expression was observed. (E) The expression of inflammatory factors TLR4, NF-κB, pNF-κB and IL-6 in AFs examined by Western blot. (F) The effect of SABP on TLR4, NF-κB, pNF-κB and IL-6 was evaluated and SABP inhibited expression of TLR4, NF-κB, pNF-κB and IL-6 was observed. (G) The expression of fibrosis-associated proteins TGF-β, Smad3, pSmad3 and COL-1 in AF examined by Western blot. (H) The effect of SABP on TGF-β, Smad3, pSmad3 and COL-1 was evaluated and SABP inhibited expression of TGF-β, Smad3, pSmad3 and COL-1 was observed. Each photograph is a representative example of the three experiments. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. SHR). WKY and SHR are treated with perindopril and SABP by intraperitoneal injection daily.